Olga Naumova

There are two ways to read server logs: journalctl (the systemd journal, where most services write) and the files in /var/log. A live stream is easiest to follow with tail -f, and errors are found with grep. Below are the...

fail2ban protects a server from password guessing: it reads the logs, spots repeated failed logins and blocks the offending IP through the firewall. Setting it up comes down to installing the package and creating a jail.local file with the SSH...

Moving a site to a new server comes down to three things: copy the files, transfer the database and switch the domain. If you do them in order and test the site before changing DNS, the migration happens with almost...

Docker packs an application and its dependencies into a container that behaves the same on any server. Below is how to install Docker Engine and the docker compose plugin from the official repository on Ubuntu 22.04/24.04. Do not use the...

To end a process in Linux, first find its PID (identifier) with ps or pgrep, then send it a signal with kill. To finish a process by name, pkill and killall are handy. Let’s take it step by step.

The first things to do on a new Ubuntu VPS are: update the packages, create a separate user with sudo rights, set the time zone and turn on a basic firewall. Below is the exact sequence of commands, and it...

To activate Windows Server, install your licence key with slmgr /ipk <key>, then run the online activation slmgr /ato. Check the result with slmgr /xpr. The slmgr utility is built into the system and runs from Command Prompt or PowerShell...

DNS records connect a domain name to IP addresses and services: A and AAAA point to an IP, CNAME points to another name, MX names the mail server, and TXT stores text data such as SPF and verification strings. Below...