Edgars Kalējs

After the disk is enlarged in the provider panel, the filesystem does not grow by itself — you extend the partition with growpart and then the filesystem itself: resize2fs for ext4 or xfs_growfs for XFS. The operation runs on a...

ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall) is a simple wrapper around iptables. The basic setup is four commands: deny all incoming traffic, allow outgoing, open SSH and enable the firewall. Below is the full sequence with the checks that keep you from losing...

For a Node.js application to run reliably in production, you cannot simply start it with node app.js in an SSH session — it stops when you log out. You need the pm2 process manager: it keeps the application alive, restarts...

For Nginx to serve your website, you have to describe a virtual host — a server block: where the files live, which domain to serve and how to handle requests. Below is a working scheme for both static and PHP...

Swap is a file or partition on disk that the system uses as “spare” memory when RAM runs out. On a VPS the easiest option is a swap file: the fallocate, mkswap and swapon commands take a couple of minutes....

To connect to a server over SSH you need three things: the IP address, a username and a password (or an SSH key). The basic command is the same on macOS, Linux and modern Windows:

You can install IIS on Windows Server with a single PowerShell command — Install-WindowsFeature -Name Web-Server -IncludeManagementTools — or through the role wizard in Server Manager. Once installed, the web server immediately serves a start page on port 80. Below...

To enable RDP on Windows Server, open Server Manager → Local Server → Remote Desktop, choose “Allow remote connections”, and then enable the “Remote Desktop” rule in the firewall. A single PowerShell command achieves the same result. Below are both...

To change DNS on a server, first work out what actually controls name resolution: a plain /etc/resolv.conf, systemd-resolved, netplan or NetworkManager on Linux, or Set-DnsClientServerAddress on Windows. Editing the wrong file usually gets silently reverted — each case is covered...